计算属性 & 监听器

计算属性 computed

• 减少模板中的计算逻辑
• 数据缓存
• 依赖固定的数据类型（响应式数据）

forceUpdate 迫使Vue实例重新渲染。注意它仅仅影响实例本身和插入插槽内容的子组件，而不是所有子组件

当点击forceUpdate按钮后，reversedMessage1不再执行，reversedMessage2继续执行

<template>
  <div>
    <p>Reversed message1: "{{ reversedMessage1 }}"</p>
    <p>Reversed message2: "{{ reversedMessage2() }}"</p>
    <p>{{ now }}</p>
    <button @click="() => $forceUpdate()">forceUpdate</button>
    <br />
    <input v-model="message" />
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      message: "hello vue"
    };
  },
  computed: {
    // 计算属性的 getter
    reversedMessage1: function() {
      console.log("执行reversedMessage1");
      return this.message
        .split("")
        .reverse()
        .join("");
    },
    now: function() {
      return Date.now();
    }
  },
  methods: {
    reversedMessage2: function() {
      console.log("执行reversedMessage2");
      return this.message
        .split("")
        .reverse()
        .join("");
    }
  }
};
</script>

监听器 watch

• 更加灵活
• watch中可以执行任何逻辑，如函数节流、Ajax异步获取数据、甚至操作DOM

deep: true 深度监听，见 e 对象

<template>
  <div>
    {{ $data }}
    <br />
    <button @click="() => (a += 1)">a+1</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  data: function() {
    return {
      a: 1,
      b: { c: 2, d: 3 },
      e: {
        f: {
          g: 4
        }
      },
      h: []
    };
  },
  watch: {
    a: function(val, oldVal) {
      this.b.c += 1;
      console.log("new: %s, old: %s", val, oldVal);
    },
    "b.c": function(val, oldVal) {
      this.b.d += 1;
      console.log("new: %s, old: %s", val, oldVal);
    },
    "b.d": function(val, oldVal) {
      this.e.f.g += 1;
      console.log("new: %s, old: %s", val, oldVal);
    },
    e: {
      handler: function(val, oldVal) {
        this.h.push("😄");
        console.log("new: %s, old: %s", val, oldVal);
      },
      deep: true
    },
    h(val, oldVal) {
      console.log("new: %s, old: %s", val, oldVal);
    }
  }
};
</script>

计算属性 vs 监听器

• computed能做的，watch都能做，反之则不行
• 能用computed的尽量用computed

以下面demo的fullName为例，computed实现起来更容易

computed

<template>
  <div>
    {{ fullName }}

    <div>firstName: <input v-model="firstName" /></div>
    <div>lastName: <input v-model="lastName" /></div>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  data: function() {
    return {
      firstName: "Foo",
      lastName: "Bar"
    };
  },
  computed: {
    fullName: function() {
      return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
    }
  },
  watch: {
    fullName: function(val, oldVal) {
      console.log("new: %s, old: %s", val, oldVal);
    }
  }
};
</script>

watch

<template>
  <div>
    {{ fullName }}

    <div>firstName: <input v-model="firstName" /></div>
    <div>lastName: <input v-model="lastName" /></div>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  data: function() {
    return {
      firstName: "Foo",
      lastName: "Bar",
      fullName: "Foo Bar"
    };
  },
  watch: {
    firstName: function(val) {
      this.fullName = val + " " + this.lastName;
    },
    lastName: function(val) {
      this.fullName = this.firstName + " " + val;
    }
  }
};
</script>