vue-router

安装 vue-router

cnpm install vue-router

解决的问题

• 监听URL变化，并在变化前后执行相应的逻辑
• 不同的URL对应不同的组件
• 提供多种方式改变URL的API（URL的改变不能导致浏览器刷新）

使用方式

• 提供一个路由配置表，不同的URL对应不同组件的配置
• 初始化路由实例 new VueRouter()
• 挂载到 Vue 实例上
• 提供一个路由占位，用来挂载 URL 匹配到的组件

路由类型

• hash模式：丑（有个"#"号），无法使用锚点定位
• history模式：需要后端配合，IE9不兼容（可使用强制刷新处理）

底层原理

router-link、$router.push、a href、浏览器前进后退、手动更改URL -> updateRoute -> Vue.util.defineReactive_route -> router-view

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import App from './App.vue'
import routes from './routes'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

Vue.use(VueRouter)

const router = new VueRouter({
  mode: 'history',
  routes,
})

new Vue({
  router,
  render: h => h(App),
}).$mount('#app')

routers.js

import RouterDemo from './components/RouterDemo'
import RouterChildrenDemo from './components/RouterChildrenDemo'

const routes = [
  { path: '/foo', component: RouterDemo, name: '1' },
  { path: '/bar', component: RouterDemo, name: '2' },
  // 当 /user/:id 匹配成功，
  // RouterDemo 会被渲染在 App 的 <router-view /> 中
  { path: '/user/:id', 
    component: RouterDemo, 
    name: '3',
    props: true,
    children: [
      {
        // 当 /user/:id/profile 匹配成功，
        // RouterChildrenDemo 会被渲染在 RouterDemo 的 <router-view/> 中
        path: 'profile',
        component: RouterChildrenDemo,
        name: '3-1'
      },
      {
        // 当 /user/:id/posts 匹配成功
        // RouterChildrenDemo 会被渲染在 RouterDemo 的 <router-view/> 中
        path: 'posts',
        component: RouterChildrenDemo
      }
    ]
  },
  { path: '/a', redirect: '/bar' },
  { path: '*', component: RouterDemo, name: '404' }
]

export default routes

app.vue

<router-view></router-view> 引用 vue-router 组件

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <h2>router demo</h2>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

export default {
  name: 'app',
  components: {
  },
}
</script>

<style>
#app {
  font-family: 'Avenir', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  text-align: center;
  color: #2c3e50;
  margin-top: 60px;
}
</style>

RouterDemo.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <router-link to="/foo">Go to Foo</router-link>
    <br/>
    <router-link to="/user/12">Go to /user/12</router-link>
    <br/>
    <router-link to="/user/12/profile">Go to /user/12/profile</router-link>
    <br/>
    <router-link to="/other">Go to 404</router-link>
    <br/>
    <router-link to="/a">Go to a 重定向到 bar</router-link>
    <br/>
    <a href="#/foo">Go to Foo</a>
    <br/>
    <button @click="$router.push('foo')">Go to Foo</button>
    <p>id: {{id}}</p>
    <p>{{routerInfo}}</p>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  props: ['id'],
  computed: {
    routerInfo() {
      const { fullPath, path, name, params, query, meta } = this.$route
      return {
        fullPath, path, name, params, query, meta
      }
    }
  }
}
</script>

RouterChildrenDemo.vue

<template>
  <div>
    {{routerInfo}}
  </div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
  computed: {
    routerInfo() {
      const { fullPath, path, name, params, query, meta } = this.$route
      return {
fullPath, path, name, params, query, meta
      }
    }
  }
}
</script>